Occupational Health and Safety #OHSindia

Safe movement of vehicle in the workplace / Reach truck safety rules Vehicles are very important in the company they are used to transfer materials to other locations. Different vehicles are used in the workplace such as Reach trucks , mobile cranes, dump trucks, and more. Material handling equipment Risk of injuries to workers could happen due to the: loss of control due to mechanical failure and the environment condition overturning and overloading of vehicles collision with other vehicles and pedestrians reversing of vehicles inside the workplace improper layout of access and egress of the work site emergency incidents such as fire that causes collision Hazards from workplace reach truck / forklift  not separating the vehicles and pedestrian routes lack of barriers on roads lack of warning and directional signs not enforced speed limits poor road surface narrow and no marking roadways insufficient pedestrian crossing points poor environment such as noise, dust, and insufficient ligh

Mobile tower scaffold / Aluminum scaffold Design for light work such as maintenance task inside or outside buildings. Safety precautions in using mobile tower scaffold: Aluminum scaffold safety selection erection and dismantling must be done by a competent worker  stabilizers and bracing must always use All wheels must be locked No workers above the mobile scaffold during moving Must be tied up if used during windy work safe distance must be considered if working near electrical power lines work must not over reach adequate barricading of working areas inspection before and after using the tower  Safety precaution in using mobile tower scaffold / Aluminum scaffold safety scaffold must be erected by a competent worker ample guardrails and toe boards erected in a solid, firm ground must have safe access & egress platforms must fully boarded erected away in a traffic route properly braced and tied up to the structure no o

Ladder Safety precautions before use Ladder suitable for the work Check the area where the ladder may be used Ensure stability of ladder by using 1:4 inclination ratio from the wall  Ladder are tied-up at the wall Weather condition must be suitable if ladders used Proximity of live electricity must be considered At least 3 feet of ladder above the stepping off point No over reaching in using ladders Workers must be trained in using ladders Ladders must be inspected before and after used Ladder must be stored in dry places Only one person must climb on the ladder at any one time No carrying of items while climbing and maintain 3-point contact Ladders left secured must be barricaded to prevent unauthorized access Safety precautions of using step ladder The need to ensure that the ladder is inspected for defects before use That it is correctly erected on level ground with its chain or rope fully extended That it is suitable for the task to

What is Work at height? Working at heights is a common requirement for many jobs and occupation especially in the construction industry which remains one of the biggest cause of fatalities and major injuries.  working at height hazards included: high vertical distance work fragile or weak roof material weather condition  during work voids present on roofs using unstable equipments unprotected edge sloping roofs untrained workers poorly maintained access equipments Conditions in which contribute to the likelihood of the falling materials: weakening of structure bad storage of materials poor housekeeping Working at height hazards activities Different work activities involved in working at height : Roof works Painting on walls Steel work fabrication Scaffold erection Dismantling and demolition Welding roofing trusses Falling from heights consequences: death neck or spinal injury that leads to paraly

Hazards in the workplace Slip trip and fall at work are the most common cause of injury in the workplace that can result break or fracture of bones. Slip trip & fall hazards Slip hazard wet floors due to water pipe leakage dusty floors due to flours slippage of dry or wet substance smooth and polished marble floor surface Trip hazard loose carpets trailing welding cables poor lighting near the stairs uneven and damage floors obstruction of garbage cans or boxes on the floors Fall from height using ladders that are not properly tied-up working in scaffold edge with no guardrails using chairs in reaching books on a shelf working/standing in fragile roof  (Hindi translation) कार्यस्थल में खतरा  कार्यस्थल पर फिसलना, ट्रिपिंग और गिरना कार्यस्थल पर चोट लगने का आम कारन है जिसका परिणामस्वरूप हड्डियों का टूटना या फ्रैक्चर भी हो सकता है|| स्लिप ट्रिप और फॉल खतरा  फिसलना / स्लिप का खतरा  पानी के रिसाव के कारन गीला

Control measure of electrical equipment electrical equipments Control measures of electrical equipments Various protective systems can be used for electrical equipment such as: Fuses - a weak link in the circuit Earthing - a low resistance path to earth for fault current Isolation - cutting the power Reduced and low voltage - so that less current flows during an electric shock accident Residual current devices - sensitive and fast acting trips Double insulation - separating people from the conductors using two layers of insulation Control measure to reduce the risk of electrical shock when using a portable electric drills Reduce voltage operation Use of residual current circuit breakers Protected against overload Insulated cables Adequate maintenance and repair  Regular inspection and checks (portable appliance testing) Avoid use in wet environment Wearing of proper ppe such as rubber gloves, rubber sole shoes Competent staf

Ionizing radiation effects on human Acute health effects include: blistering of skin radiation of sickness like nausea and vomiting dermatitis hair loss cataracts damage red blood cells or anemia infertility damage white blood cells which may reduce immune system Ionizing radiation effects on human Chronic health effects include: cancer genetic mutation birth defects Full detail of Ionizing Radiation and non-ionizing radiation and sources (Hindi translation) Ionizing किरण के स्वस्थ पर प्रभाव  / Ionizing radiation effects on human एक्यूट/तीव्र स्वास्थ प्रभाव  त्वचा का फटना  जी मचलाना और उलटी जैसी बीमारी  जिल्द/चमड़ी में सूजन  बाल झड़ना  मोतियाबिंद   लाल रक्त कोशिकाओं या एनीमिया को नुक्सान  बांझपन  पूरी जानकारी के लिए यह भी पड़े:  Ionizing विविकिरण Non-ionizing विविकिरण  दीर्घकालिक स्वास्थ प्रभाव  कैंसर  उत्पति-संबंधी उत्परिवर्तन  जन्म दोष  

Radiation Radiation is an energy that is produced by an energy sources. It has two main classes which are the ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. What is ionizing radiation Alpha particles - Less penetrating power and can be stopped by a thin material. Not hazardous if outside the body but every hazardous if gets into the body. Beta particles - Have more penetrating power and can penetrate through the skin into living tissue. Hazardous when outside the body.   X-rays - High penetrating power and can penetrate directly through the human body and considered highly hazardous. Gamma rays - Very high penetrating power and can penetrate directly through the human body even the bones and to all solid objects into the certain degree. It is very hazardous. Neutrons - Very high penetrating power, can penetrate through the human body and it is very hazardous.  Sources of ionizing radiation Alpha particles - smoke detectors Beta particles - paper thi

Stress according to the World Health Organisation's  (WHO)   work-related stress Work-related stress According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) work related stress is the response people may have when presented with work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their ability to cope. Stress is a natural reaction to pressure that leads to anxiety and creates a negative reaction to a person. Causes of stress Demand of the job such as increase of workloads and working hours. Lack of control over work due to demands. Lack of support such as no trainings, instructions or even informations. Poor workplace relationships that creates harassment and bullying. Lack of clarity about the individual role. Change of the procedures or process of job.  Effects of stress Effects can be classified in the following: Physical effect - fast heart beating, sweating, high blood pressure, headache et

Effects of vibration  Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome / HAVS effects vibration white finger - fingers turn white due to stoppage of blood supply nerve damage - nerves carrying sensory information stops working properly that losses sensitivity and feeling muscle weakening - reducing the grip strength and manual dexterity joint damage - growth of abnormal bone at the finger joints (Hindi translation) कम्पन का प्रभाव  हैंड-आर्म वाइब्रेशन सिंड्रोम / HAVS effects कम्पन सफ़ेद उंगली - रक्त की आपुर्ति में ठहराव के कारन उंगलिया सफ़ेद हो जाती है  नसों की क्षति - नस डैमेज होने से रक्त परवाह  बंद हो जाता है जो सवेदनशीलता और स्पर्श करने की शक्ति ख़तम हो  जाती है  मासपेशियां का कमज़ोर होना - जिससे पकड़ की ताकत और मैन्युअल निपुणता कम  हो जाती है जोड़ो की क्षति - उंगली के जोड़ो में असमान्य हड्डी का विकास  

Physical and Psychological effects to Noise Exposure Many health and safety issues are associated with noise in the workplace. Health effects Temporary reduction in hearing sensitivity Temporary ringing in the ears Noise induced hearing loss - permanent loss of hearing Tinnitus - persistent ringing in the ears Stress effect Safety effects Inability to hear Difficulty concentrating and an increase in errors Noise control measure Noise can be controlled on three ways: reducing the noise at source disrupt the pathway from source to the receiver protecting the receiver Personal hearing protection types: Ear muffs Ear plugs Arrangements needed for hearing protection conducting training and giving information and instructions cleaning procedures safe and clean storage areas replacement for damage and lost items maintenance and regular inspection of worn parts of the item (Hindi translation) ज़ादा शो